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An Invitation 

By HON. HUGH M. DORSET 
Governor of Georgia 

Now that our country is at peace, after the most 
destructive war of all time, the old Empire State of 
the South extends to the home-seeker a cordial invi- 
tation to cast his lot within her borders. 

Georgia is rich in all the varied products of the tem- 
perate zone — in fields of marvelous fertility, in un- 
rivalled water-powers, in orchards and vineyards, in 
woods and minerals — in all that a genial climate and 
a fertile soil can unite to produce. These are all ready 
to respond to the touch of industry, to the call of 
labor. 

Georgia is the home of the peach and the land of 
the watermelon. It is also the fleecy empire of King 
Cotton. 

Besides these material, assets, Georgia offers what 
is far better: non-sectarian schools, orthodox churches, 
political and civil liberty, wide-awake towns and cities, 
happy homes, good health, pure water, a patriotic pop- 
ulation, and a welcome in which there is not a lingering 
taint of sectional bitterness. 

The bugles have sung truce ; let the looms and the 
spindles sing prosperity. 



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United States Railroad Administration 

Director General of Railroads 

Foreword 

The United States Railroad Administration is issuing this booklet to 
furnish accurate and authentic data as to the opportunities offered in 
general farming, live stock raising, orcharding and trucking in Georgia. 

It is manifestly impossible in the limited space of a booklet of this 
character to do adequate justice to so large a State and one so bountifully- 
endowed by nature. 

The matter has been prepared by representatives of all the roads 
under Federal control serving Georgia. You will note that no particular 
section or county is described in detail, but that the State is treated as a 
whole, with only such sectional references as the geographical and climatic 
conditions make necessary. 

There are no extravagant phrases in praise of Georgia and its re- 
sources and the opportunities offered to the newcomer. The purpose 
of the book is simply to convey reliable information regarding the State, 
and the plain statements herein regarding its crops, supplemented by 
photographs, all of which have been taken within the State, speak for 
themselves. 

The officers of the United States Railroad Administration and officials 
of the several railroads serving Georgia simply wish to add to what is 
contained in this booklet that the man seeking a new home can well 
afford to visit Georgia before deciding upon his location. 

Issued b]p 

UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION 

Agricultural Section 

J. L. EDW^ARDS. Manager 
Washington, D.C. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS 

W. W. CROXTON 

HOUM 5 ATUNTA TERMINAL STATION 
ATLANTA, QA. 



An Appreciation of the South 

By Hon. Franklin K. Lane 
Secretary of the Interior 

^JYY Y recent trips into the South have convinced 
^^^ me that there are wonderful possibihties for 
agricultural development in that section. In many of 
the Southern States there are large areas of the rich- 
est kinds of land suitable for diversified farming, stock 
raising, and fruit growing, which have never been put 
into cultivation. The rainfall is abundant and the 
crop-growing season a long one. I am satisfied 
that most satisfactory location from a standpoint of 
climate, productivity, sanitation and health, and other 
requirements are available in those States for com- 
munity settlements for returning soldiers and sailors, 
as well as for others intending to engage in agricul- 
ture. 

Washington, D. C, February 28, 1919. 



Cheapest Agricultural Lands 

"I am convinced that a very large majority of the 
returning soldiers for whom it is planned to make pro- 
vision, could be taken care of in the coastal plain of 
the South. 

I am convinced that here are the cheapest lands adap- 
table to agriculture in the entire country, all things 
considered. * * * * in the past two decades enor- 
mous areas of pine forests have been denuded of their 
merchantable timber, and these lands are now available 
for clearing and are now ready for agricultural uses." 
— Hon. H. T. Cory, Consulting Engineer, United States 
Department of Interior, in charge Federal Investiga- 
tions in the South. 

Savannah, Ga., November 11, 1918. 








EORGIA may be said to be divided into three general sub-divisions — the 
Mountains, the Piedmont and the Coastal plains. 

The Mountains, or North Georgia, is that part of the State roughly speak- 
ing, north of Atlanta. Here the development of the fruit growing resources 
in addition to general farming is progressing at a rapid rate. There are a great many 
large commercial orchards located in these hills and mountains, which by reason 
of their elevation and broken character offer reasonable immunity from late and 
early frosts and freezes and furnish both air and water drainage. 

These mountain lands are especially adapted to the raising of live stock, par- 
ticularly sheep, as they are covered with a dense growth of grass clear to the top, 
and the soil, having been enriched for countless years by falling leaves, with prop- 
er attention and tillage produces extraordinarily well. 

The Piedmont Section, or Middle Georgia, which extends in a general way in 
a line east and west of Atlanta, to a line drawn northeasterly from Columbus 
through Macon to Augusta is the most intensively settled and developed portion of 
the State. It is a gently rolling country covered with splendid farms, upon which 
great quantities of cotton, corn, oats, rye, wheat, peanuts, peas, fruit, vegetables, 
and live stock are produced. 

The Coastal Plain, or South Georgia, is the territory south of the Piedmont 
Section, and in this area is included the cut-over lands of the State. 

It is perhaps in this section of the State that the greatest progress has taken 
place during the past few years. A large part of this section was originally cov- 
ered with dense forests of yellow pine timber, and as this is converted into lumber 
and the lands made available for settlement, they are quickly being put into culti- 
vation by an aggressive lot of farmers, who readily listen to the teachings of mod- 
ern agricultural methods and are quick to profit by them. 

A large number of farmers from other sections have come into this cut-over 
land district, and are rapidly replacing the pine forests with improved live stock 
and general farms. 

Population. 

Georgia's population is increasing in a healthy and constant manner without 
any boom or artificial stimulants. In 1910 it numbered 2,609,121, which on Jan- 
uary 1, 1919, had increased to 2,955,505. 



Page Four 



GEORGIA 



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Peaviiie lla> is Kith in Protein. 

Notwithstanding this healthy growth there is still room for many more people 
in Georgia, as it is the largest State east of the Mississippi River having an area 
of 59,475 square miles, or 37,584,000 acres. 

Georgia's Capital. 

Atlanta is the Capital of Georgia, its leading city and the geographical hub 
from which radiates many lines of activity throughout the South. By reason of 
its strategic location, numerous manufacturers and jobbers maintain general of- 
fices in Atlanta, and during the recent war the Quartermaster General of the U. S. 
Army established here a Quartermaster's Depot, which purchased and concentrated 
here supplies for the various camps located in the Southeast. 

Savannah and Brunswick are the State's leading ports. 

Climate. 

The Georgia people modestly admit that they have the best climate in the 
world, and the Northern man after a short residence here comes to agree with 
them implicitly. Because of the length of the State from north to south, one can 
find practically any climatic condition that he desires from temperate to semi- 
tropical. ^ - 

Climate in some sections is extravagantly praised merely because it makes living 
pleasant. In Georgia the climate not only contributes to the joy of living, but it also 
materially adds to the bank account. 

When one contrasts the cost of a winter supply of coal in the North for cooking 
and heating against the mild winters in Georgia, that require only occasional small 






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Digging Potatoes Cultivates the Young Sugar Cane. Two Profitable Crops from Same Acre. 



GEORGIA 



Page Five 




Shorthorn Cattle Popular with Georgia Farmers, 

fires and the inexhaustible quantity of wood for both heating and cooking that can 
be had for the gathering, it will be seen that climate in Georgia actually spells profit. 

To the Northern farmer, who is afraid to go to town frequently because of 
the knowledge that the frozen ruts would cut the fetlocks of his horses and proba- 
bly suffer the freezing of his water works while he was gone, this working-all-the- 
year-in-your-shirt-sleeve-climate will particularly appeal. 

Figures on climate rarely mean anything, but a statement that the growing 
season in North Georgia is 210 days, in Middle Georgia 230 days and in South Geor- 
gia 260 days, gives the farmer an adequate idea of what the climate is, for he 
knows that the crops will not grow unless there is warmth. 

A visit to Georgia is the only way to appreciate her climate. It would be 
found that in the summer months both Northern and Southern people congregate 
in North Georgia, because of the delightful weather at the resorts there, and in 
the winter months that South Georgia is the Mecca for the society people of New 
York and the North, while upon one of the islands off" the coast of Southeast Geor- 
gia, a group composed of some of the wealthiest men in the United States have 
constructed a club house and many elaborate homes, and here during the Winter 
months can be found practically all of the men of international fame in the financial 
world. 

In North Georgia the mean annual temperature is 52 degrees. Spring 58, Sum- 
mer 76, Fall 59, Winter 42. 

In Middle Georgia annual 63 degrees. Summer 78, Fall 64, Winter 47. 

In South Georgia annual 68 degrees. Summer 81, Fall 70, Winter 55. 

The average rainfall for the State is 51 inches annually, which is evenly dis- 
tributed throughout the year, the greatest precipitation averaging 16 inches in 
the three Summer months, and the least being 9 inches in the Autumn months. 




Sweet Potatoes After 200 Bushels of Irish Potatoes Had Been Dug. Corn in Background. 



Page Six 



GEORGIA 




Ideal Conditions Here for Poultry, with Good Local Markets. 
Eleven Military Camps in Georgia. 

No stronger endorsement of Georgia's climate and sanitary conditions could 
possibly be found than the action of the War Department in selecting so 
many locations within the boundary of the State in which to train the new Na- 
tional Army, and the thousands of boys from the North, and hundreds of thous- 
ands of their relatives who visited them, both Winter and Summer, while they were 
located in Georgia camps, know at first-hand what delightful weather the State 
enjoys. 

The War Department established Camps Gordon and Jesup at Atlanta where 
Ft. McPherson has long been located ; Camp Greenleaf was located at Chicka- 
mauga where Ft. Oglethorpe has been so many years; Camp Wheeler at Macon, 
Camp Hancock at Augusta, and Camp Benning at Columbus. Souther Field for 
the training of aviators was located at Americus, and Ft. Screven for many years 
has been a part of the Coast fortification at Savannah. A Naval Air Training 
Camp for aviators was also established at Brunswick. 

Live Stock 

Georgia, by winning the Third Prize at the International Live Stock Expo- 
sition at Chicago in 1918, and also third prize at the American Royal Live Stock 
Show at Kansas City with "Bonnie J", a pure-bred two-year-old Hereford bull, 
demonstrated that it had gone into the raising of pure-bred live stock on an 
extensive scale. There are many herds of pure-bred cattle scattered throughout 
the State, and a very large number of farmers now make it a practice to market 
each year one or more cars of cattle that they have finished on corn and velvet 
beans. 







Pigs in Essex Rape Pasture. 



GEORGIA 



Page Seven 




Ready for the Show Ring. 

Every farmer has in his mind certain conditions that would make an ideal 
stock country, and if asked to describe it he would say it would be one where abun- 
dant grass and forage crops could be cheaply produced ; where the water would be 
pure and the climate mild ; not hot enough to worry the stock, nor cold enough to 
make them use up all of their feed keeping warm. 

Practically all of the conditions mentioned are met in the State of Georgia. 
The soil is just such as might be prepared for the production of lespedeza, Ber- 
muda, the clovers, cow peas, soy beans and velvet beans. The water is either run- 
ning streams or artesian wells. 

The old days of the open range are rapidly passing away. The big profits from 
live stock in Georgia are made under fence, with proper food and attention. No 
other enterprise offers the same certain profit under intelligent management as 
the production of beef, pork and mutton. No section of the United States off'ers 
superior natural advantages for this industry. Under intelligent crop rotation, 
the production of grasses and legumes for pastures, Georgia can produce beef at as 
low cost per pound as any place in the United States. Short winters in the south- 
ern portion of the State permit green fields all the year. Green fields all the year 
mean a good herd. The cheap lands, combined with cheap cows for foundation 
stock, make it possible to start in the cattle business with an outlay of far less 
capital than is required in most other sections of the country. 

The live stock farmer who will come to Georgia, and who will grow a maxi- 
mum acreage of feed stuffs, and who will keep just enough stock to consume that 
feed, and who returns to the soil the manure, will be prosperous. 

Particular stress should be laid upon the advantages of Georgia as a live stock 
feeding and finishing country, because of the State's velvet bean crop. Velvet beans 
may remain in the fields throughout the Winter without deterioration, and be con- 
sumed as the stock need it. 




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Peanuts on Cut-over Lands. 



Page Eight 



GEORGIA 




A I'rize Pair of I'ure-bred Shorthorns. 

Whether one wishes to range Heref ords over a wide area, finish a few Short- 
horns, Polls or Angus steers on a quarter section, or raise some of the milking 
types of beef cattle on a small place, all sections offer an inviting field. 

Dairying. 

It has taken the Northern farmer a long time to realize that the right kind of 
climate is a distinct asset to the dairy farm. 

It is our climate that permits the high yield and continued-through-the-year 
production of cow feeds. Cotton-seed meal, velvet bean and peanut meal, which 
Georgia produces in such great abundance, have become recognized, wherever the 
cattle industry has been extensively developed, as standard protein concentrates. 

If cows are carried on a relatively light concentrate feed and a maximum allow- 
ance of roughage, velvet beans may constitute the sole concentrate ration. For 
cows on a full grain ration and for those giving a high flow of milk, beans should 
not constitute more than one-half of the concentrate ration. 

The Georgia State College of Agriculture has conducted several interesting 
feeding demonstrations, and the results, while they have determined the wide va- 
riation in digestible crude protein in the three concentrates produced in Georgia, 
varying from 31.6% in cottonseed meal down to 14.9% in the case of velvet beans, 
have shown clearly the superiority of this State in the economical production of 
dairy products. 

A complete statement of the experiment in dairy feeding would be too exten- 
sive to show here, but the bulletin recording it can be secured by writing the Geor- 
gia State College of Agriculture at Athens. 




Georgia Produced 68,350,000 Bushels of Corn in 1918. 



GEORGIA 



Page Nine 




Georgia Cantaloupes are Unexcelled. 

With a climate that permits dairy cattle to graze out-doors practically the en- 
tire year, which is almost an insurance against their contracting bovine tubercu- 
losis, and with such a wealth of pasture and forage crops that can be quickly and 
economically produced, the dairy business in Georgia offers extraordinary promise, 
especially when statistics show that millions of dollars worth of dairy products are 
annually imported into the State. 

Hogs. 

A permanent agriculture based upon the raising of live stock is now the keynote 
of the progressive farmer in Georgia, and it is the general recognition of this basic 
principle that has so largely contributed to the State's advance in the past few 
years. 

Its strides particularly in the raising of hogs are little short of marvelous, 
when we consider that in the mind of the average Northern man the South raises 
nothing except cotton. 

Five years ago hog raising as an established industry could hardly be said to ex- 
ist in Georgia. Today as the result of efforts on the part of the United States and 
Georgia State Departments of Agriculture, the State College of Agriculture, Agri- 
cultural Agents of the Railroads and other development agencies, it is an industry 
that gives promise to furnishing in the very near future, all of the pork that the 
citizens of the State will require. The reason for the rapid development of the 
hog industry in this section, was the recognition by the farmer that his lands were 
better adapted to the raising of a greater quantity of feed suitable for feeding 
and finishing hogs on a less acreage with consequent greater profit, than it was 
possible to obtain upon higher priced lands in the so called corn belt of the North. 




Hampshires Devtlop (Quickly Inder (ieitrj-ia ( oiulitions. 



Page Ten 



GEORGIA 





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Holstein Dairy Herd on Georgia's Coast. 

Another factor that has contributed to this development was the construction 
of several big meat packing establishments operated under Government inspection, 
which provide a quick cash market. 

The hog industry has become so general that even the boys of the State are tak- 
ing a keen interest in it, and there are few districts where the Boys' Pig Clubs are 
not enthusiastically competing in the raising of prize winners for the County and 
State Fairs. 

The vaudeville joke about the Southern razor-back has been retired because 
such animals no longer exist. The State has enthusiastically bred pure-bred boars 
to the native sows until the long-nosed type, that formerly roamed the woods in a 
half wild state, has practically disappeared. These conditions were advertised to 
the world when the Hampshire Boar — Cotter's Choice 40333 — from Middle Georgia 
won First Prize in Aged Boar, Senior Champion and Grand Champion Boar classes 
at the International Live Stock Exposition in Chicago in 1918. This hog was far- 
rowed and raised on a Georgia farm. 

Many farmers have embarked in the raising of pure-bred hogs exclusively, and 
find a splendid and constantly growing market for all of the pigs farrowed. In 
fact, the only phase of hog raising in Georgia that would not seem to be profitable 
would be the shipping into the State of stocker hogs to be finished, becau'^e hogs can 
be raised here for such little money, and so rapidly attain their maximum growth, 
that it is hardly worth while to go to the trouble of visiting stock yards to secure 
feeders and stockers. 

No man with any experience in raising hogs and a knowledge of the funda- 
mental situation in Georgia, has ever had the temerity to question the statement 
that Georgia possesses advantages for this industry denied other portions of the 




Bright Tobacco in the Piney Woods. 



GEORGIA 



Page Eleven 



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Value of Georgia's Wheat Crop in 1918 Was $9,658,000.00. 

American Continent with a less favorable climate. Even the man with the most 
elementary education, and knowledge of simple economics, knows that the longer 
the growing season, the greater the production, and the greater the production, 
the greater the wealth. 

There are advantages in the production of hogs in Georgia that make this 
industry more certain and less costly than in other sections of the country. The 
long seasons mean the production of more and a greater variety of legumes and 
grasses, chief among them velvet beans and peanuts, for use in economical live stock 
raising. 

The Southern people have always been large meat-eaters, but small meat pro- 
ducers. In fact, the South consumes more meat per-capita than any other section 
of the country, and a large portion of it has been heretofore imported from the 
West. Again, there is another advantage — the home market. 

Hog raising is one of the brightest prospects which the farmers of Georgia can 
possibly have. Hogs admit of the quickest realization of profit to be found in any 
branch of the animal industry. 

The United States Department of Agriculture has stated frequently that pork 
can be made more cheaply in the South than in any other section of the country. 
Hog raising is adapted to the farmer with small capital, as but a small amount of 
money is required with which to begin the business, and the returns begin to come in 
within a few months after it is started. The sow is a rapid and prolific producer. 
Money is turned quickly. Inasmuch as green crops suitable for hog feeding can be 
maintained the year round, it is possible for the farmers of Georgia to make more 
money than the Northern farmer by his hog-raising operations, and the profits made 
are always in proportion to the amount of green crops used. 




A Sample of Georgia's Famous Shell Roads Along the Coast. 



Page Twelve 



GEORGIA 




North Georgia Apple Orchard. 

The mildness of the seasons here is such that the sows may be permitted to 
farrow both in February and August and the pigs made ready for market in Oc- 
tober and May, thus keeping away from the glut caused by the farmers in the 
Northern corn belt rushing their stuff on the market in the early Spring and late 
Fall. 

With abundant water and the grazing and the forage crops hereinbefore men- 
tioned, together with peanuts, chufas, sweet potatoes and rape, there is no reason 
why some crops cannot be raised that will keep ten hogs to the acre the year round. 

Peanuts. 

The light loamy soils of Georgia are especially well suited for the growing of 
peanuts, and this crop has been an increasingly important one in the recent past. 
They are used for fattening hogs and also are sold to the oil mills. 

In 1917 Georgia threshed 9,435,000 bushels of peanuts, which sold for $1.60 
per bushel, bringing the State the vast sum of $15,096,000. In 1918, the acreage 
increased from 255,000 acres the preceding year to 362,000 acres, but the produc- 
tion per acre dropped from 37 bushels in 1917 to 28 bushels in 1918, which brought 
$16,218,000. 

Peanuts are so easily grown, are so much relished by hogs, and produce such 
rapid and cheap gains of pork that for fattening purposes they have deservedly 
been the main dependence of nearly all of Georgia hog producers. 

Two varieties are grown in this area for hog grazing, the North Carolina, 
sometimes known as the "Georgia" peanut, and the Spanish. Spanish peanuts are 







Pecans Inter planted with Peanuts. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirteen 




Registered Hereford Cattle on Lespedeza and Bermuda Pasture. 

a much quicker growing variety than the North Carolina. For this reason they fit 
well into a hog-grazing system, either to supply early feed before the main fat- 
tening crops are matured, or for planting late in the season following such crops 
as oats, rye, potatoes or watermelons. 

They are in heavy demand by the oil mills, which extract a very high grade oil 
from the nut and sell the shells for polishing tin plate. Confectioners also use vast 
quantities of them, and those that escape the digger are eagerly rooted out by the 
hogs. 

Grazing Crops. 

In Georgia the soy bean and cowpea are extensively used as early hay and graz- 
ing crops. 

At a Southern Experiment Station it has been learned from tests that an 
acre of soy bean pasture will afford grazing for ten pigs for 43 days when a one- 
fourth ration of corn is given (about one ear a day) ; 48 days when a half-ration 
(about two ears a day) of corn is fed, and 62 days when three-fourth ration (about 
three ears a day) is given. 

The acre returned a value in pork of $39.13 after the value of the corn eaten 
was deducted. 

Rape is a plant that is best adapted for growth on the deep, mellow, loamy 
soils, that are found in the coastal plain section of the State. 

It has been demonstrated by the State Agricultural College, by repeated ex- 
periments, that an acre of rape properly seeded on good land will produce as 
much pork as the same acre of land cultivated in corn, and it can be grown during 
the off season period and much cheaper. 




Corn and Peanuts — Two Crop System as Practiced in Georgia. 



Page Fourteen 



GEORGIA 




Bright Tobacco on Cut-over Lands Produces Big Profits. 

Chufas are a profitable crop on loamy soils where Winter grazing is wanted for 
hogs and poultry. They grow best on soils which are very light and sandy, and 
yield well with a moderate amount of cultivation. 

They involve no expense of gathering and storing, except for the small amount 
of seed which may be wanted for the following season, 

Bermuda and lespedeza for Summer grazing and burr clover for the Winter 
months give almost continuous pasture the year round. 

For a permanent pasture there is no combination that is superior to burr 
clover, lespedeza and Bermuda grass. Bulletin No. 509 of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture says: "Bermuda grass is the foundation of all the best per- 
manent pastures in the South, and in many localities is important for hay. This 
grass will seldom more than cover the ground in the first season, but when good 
rich sod is formed, it will last a long time. The feeding value of the hay is about 
equal to timothy." 

Bermuda furnishes excellent pasturage practically the entire year in all parts 
of the State, and puts just as much gain on beef cattle; produces just as much milk 
from the dairy cow, and pastures hogs better than the Northern blue grass. It 
nourishes old fields, and can be made to cover with a carpet of green all the waste 
places of the farm. 

Beggarweed is another legume hay and pasture crop that is spreading volun- 
tarily throughout the State. 

Lespedeza grown for hay is a most profitable crop. Under favorable con- 
ditions the plant grows to a height of from twelve to eighteen inches. When 
thickly grown the plants grow upright and the yield often exceeds two tons to 
the acre. It grows in all parts of Georgia. It is a member of the clover family, 




A Georgia Watermelon Field. 



GEORGIA 



Page Fifteen 




These Velvet Beans Were First Crop Ever Grown on Cut-over Land. 

and has all the soil enriching quahties attributed to legumes. It is an annual but 
it readily re-seeds, and appears stronger the second year without replanting. 

It is usually sown with oats, and after the oats are cut off, the lespedeza 
takes on a quick growth and makes a bumper crop of hay. Its feeding value is 
very high. Usually it is used for pasturage and makes excellent grazing. 

Georgia's Advantage for Sheep. 

There is an old proverb that says, "The hoof of the sheep is golden", and Geor- 
gia farmers are beginning to realize the truth of that old proverb. The farmers 
of this State who have gone into sheep raising are making money. Cheap moun- 
tain lands in the northern section and cut-over lands in the coastal plains sec- 
tions, combined with all-the-year grazing, is the reason for it. 

The cut-over land of the State furnish almost ideal conditions for sheep rais- 
ing. As a matter of fact sixty per cent of all the sheep in the Southern States are 
raised on cut-over land. 

Sheep are rarely fed, being simply permitted to pick up their living on the 
open range both Summer and Winter. 

Horses and Mules. 

Because of the severe work in the saw mill and turpentine industries required 
of mules, it is necessary to replace the hybrids very frequently, and on this 
account there is a great demand for them. In the rapidly growing farm develop- 
ment of the State the breeding of horses and mules offers attractions to the 
Northern farmer not lightly to be considered. 




Pigs Growing Into Money on Alfalfa Pasture. 



Page Sixteen 



GEORGIA 



Georgia — A Packing House State. 

During the past five years a number of meat packing houses, operated under 
Government inspection, have been established in Georgia. 

These pacl<;ing houses are being operated successfully — some have made ad- 
ditions from year to year and they provide a cash home market for all meat ani- 
mals grown in the State, 

Today, Georgia has slaughtering plants at Moultrie, in Swift & Company, ; the 
Waycross Packing Company at Waycross ; the Bulloch Packing Company, at States- 
boro; the Tifton Packing Company at Tifton; the Savannah Abbatoir & Packing 
Company at Savannah; Macon Packing Company at Macon; White Provision Com- 
pany at Atlanta, and abbatoirs at Augusta and Albany. 

Georgia Quality. 

Georgia has produced so many superlative products in vast quantities that 
"Georgia" has gradually come to be known as an adjective signifying quality. 




Sugar Cai^e that Makes from Two to Seven Hundred Gallons of Syrup to the Acre. 

There is the nationally known "Georgia peach", "Georgia cane syrup", "Georgia 
watermelon", "Georgia cotton", and now, in keeping with the progressive wave 
sweeping over the entire United States, overshadowing all one-crop ideas, and bring- 
ing to the front the idea of permanent agriculture based upon live stock, "Georgia 
hogs", and "Georgia cattle" are gradually becoming as well known as its other 
famous products. 

Few States have the diversified topography, climatic conditions, and altitude pos- 
sessed by Georgia. The Blue Ridge Mountains enter the northeast corner and ex- 
tend one-third across the State. This range has many peaks, varying in altitude 
from 1,000 to 5,000 feet, and from these sightly elevations, clear down across the 
State to the Wiregrass country in the southwest corner and the Atlantic Seaboard 
in the southeast, the State literally teems with agricultural, horticultural and live 
stock opportunities that need only introduction to energetic farmers to pay mag- 
nificent dividends upon the small investment of intelligence and capital required. 



GEORGIA 



Page Seventeen 




Goose Farming is Profitable in Georgia. 

Smaller Unit Farming. 

Georgia for many years has held a dominant position in the list of cotton- 
growing States, and vast plantations have for generations been planted annually 
in this king of Southern crops. While cotton continues to be the principal 
crop, economic changes are gradually taking place that operate to break up 
these large plantations into smaller units to be developed as live stock and diver- 
sified farms, and these lands can be purchased at low prices and upon easy terms. 

In the districts where yellow pine forests have been converted into lumber, 
these "cut-over" lands that never before had a crop planted on them are also be- 
ing placed on the market at attractive prices. 

Land values cover a very wide range, from a nominal sum per acre for the 
cut-over lands in the southern part of the State and mountainous lands that can be 
converted into splendid orchards, or utilized at no expense for sheep ranches, to 
more than a hundred dollars per acre for the most highly developed farms. 

Many Climatic Zones Found. 

Georgia extends four and a half degrees of latitude from north to south and its 
altitude ranges from sea-level in the south to over five thousand feet in the 
north, which is responsible for the many climatic zones found within the bound- 
aries of the State. Of the seven climatic zones in the United States six are found 
in Georgia. 

In the mountains are resorts at which Northern and Southern people in vast 
numbers spend the summers, and South Georgia is a favorite playground for 
Northern people in the Winter. 

Diversified Agriculture. 

Every crop known to the temperate zone and a number that thrive only under 
semi-tropical conditions can be grown in Georgia. Wheat can be grown in fully 




Dairying Offers Unlimited Opportunities in Georgia. 



Page Eighteen 



GEORGIA 



two-thirds of the State, but there are so many other crops that yield greater re- 
turns with less expenditure, that the State has gradually taken up other crops, 
although in the days gone by, before the bonanza wheat fields of the West were 
opened up, there was hardly a creek in Middle or North Georgia that did not have 
en its bank a mill that ground all the flour used in the community. 

Many Crops a Year. 

It is possible on farms of Middle and South Georgia to get more than one 
crop in the same year upon the same acre. Oats, wheat or rye can be seeded in 
October, harvested in May, and a crop of corn, velvet beans, peanuts, Sudan grass, 
sweet potatoes, peas for hay, and many other crops can be secured on the same 
acre, and harvested in time to seed again in the Fall, thus securing two or more 
crops on the same acre during the same year. Irish potatoes in South Georgia are 
planted in February, dug in May, and any field crop can follow. In fact the 
progressive farmer plants his corn in the middle of his potato rows, so that when 
he digs his potatoes he gives his corn the first cultivation, and a little later on 
plants velvet beans or peanuts between the corn rows, thus giving him three distinct 
crops from the same acre in the same year. 

Watermelons are planted in March, gathered in June and July and followed 
by a crop of cow peas or late sweet or Irish potatoes. 

Cotton. 

"King Cotton", as it is commonly called in the Southern States, produced last 
year around eleven million five-hundred pound bales, for which approximately a to- 
tal of a billion dollars was received. 

Georgia harvested 1,884,000 bales in 1917, receiving on an average of twenty- 
eight and eight-tenth cents per pound, or $271,283,000. 




Cattle Raising Pleasurable Pastime of Big League Ball Players. 



GEORGIA 



Page Nineteen 




Winner of Third Prize — International, Cliicago and American Royal, Kansas City in 1918. 

In 1918, this State produced 2,100,000 bales on 5,338,000 acres, from which 
an average price of twenty-seven and one-half cents or $288,750,000 was received. 

An additional revenue of $71,400,000 was received from 1,050,000 tons of cot- 
ton seed, averaging in price $68.00 per ton. 

It is the one crop of which the United States has practically a monopoly. It 
naturally follows that new settlers coming into Georgia to take up farming should 
grow cotton, not exclusively, but as one of the several crops, raising as many acres 
as can be cultivated without going outside of the family for help. 

Northern farmers coming to Georgia find that they can grow cotton and handle 
it m every stage of production with as much ease as they did corn or wheat, and 
the returns per acre for cotton, under intelligent management, are much more 
than it is possible to realize from any single staple farm crop that can be grown 
in the North. 

There is a local cash market for every pound of cotton that can be grown. 



Sea Island Cotton. 

Georgia has almost a monopoly upon the production of the famous Sea Island 
cotton, which has a staple much longer and finer in texture than upland cotton, 
nine-tenths of the area producing it being in the State. Sea Island cotton has been 
developed patiently over a term of years by judicious seed selection, until it has been 
perfected to such an extent that it usually sells for about three times the price of 
the upland crop. 

Sea Island cotton only thrives where a certain combination of soil, climate, 

moisture and humidity obtain, and the seed must be separated from the cotton 

with entirely different machinery from that used in ginning the short-staple cot- 
ton. 



Page Twenty 



GEORGIA 




Ante Bellum Plantation Homes Surrounded by Pristine Forests of Long Leaf Yellow Pine, Which ^ 

and Cultivate Vast Acres Amid Ideal Conditions Uns 



GEORGIA 



Page Twenty-one 




ly Northern Families Have Modernized and Beautified with Landscape Gardening. Here They Live 
sed Anywhere for Health. Comfort and Happiness. 



Page Ticenty-txoo 



GEORGIA 



Corn. 

The fact that the South annually produces nearly a billion bushels of corn, valued 
today at nearly a billion dollars, and this from an average yield of only twenty bush- 
els to the acre, (which includes that raised under poor methods) makes plain the 
future possibilities of this section as a corn producing region. 

The essential factors for successful corn production are good lands, good seed, 
good care of the crop and a favorable season. Georgia has plenty of good corn 
land, and the climate is especially favorable. 

The varieties of corn that are usually known as prolific seem to be especially 
well adapted to conditions in Georgia. On the good lands of Georgia where the crop 
has had good cultivation, as high yields are made as anywhere in the Northern Corn 
Belt. 

In 1909 the total production in the State was 39,000,000 bushels. 

In 1916 it was 62,000,000 bushels ; in 1917 it was 72,000,000 bushels ; in 1918, 
68,850,000 bushels were made. 

Better farming methods, rotation and the work with the Boys' Corn Clubs are 
responsible for this tremendous increase, and with the increase in production na- 
turally follows larger numbers of cattle and hogs. 

Method of Corn Cropping. 

The Georgia farmers have a way of capitalizing their dirt and dollars through 
the beneficence of climate that is entirely unknown to the Northern farmers. 

When the Northern farmer plants corn he plants corn and nothing else with 
it, and he harvests his one crop. In Georgia velvet beans, cowpeas, peanuts, soy 
beans and pole beans are grown with it. 

The advantage of handling the corn crop in conjunction with these other crops 
may be summed up as follows: 

(1) It yields a large amount of forage per acre. 

(2) Does not reduce the yield of corn under proper conditions. 




Jersey Cows and Duroc Hogs on Alfalfa Pasture in February. 



GEORGIA 



Page Tzventy-three 




Grand Champion Boar, International Live Stock Show, Chicago, 1918. 

(3) Vines and pods can be grazed after frost. 

(4) Seed cost per acre is small. 

(5) Best soil building crops known. 

This is a distinct advantage which Georgia corn farmers have over corn 
growers in the Northern and Western States, especially the farmer with live stock 
to graze off the roughage. It is like adding another field to your farm. 

Velvet Beans. 

The velvet bean has effected a bloodless revolution in the agricultural methods 
of the State of Georgia. It has demonstrated the advantages and possibilities of 
a diversified system, and the success of this plant has been wonderful on account 
of its high feed and fattening value for cattle. 

Because of a vast amount of vines, high in all fat producing elements, it is 
generally used by cattle raisers all through the State. It can also be turned un- 
der, thus producing a great amount of vegetable matter for the production of hu- 
mus in the soil. 

There are few crops that pay stock men better than velvet beans, especially 
if they live south of the 34th parallel, which runs through Middle Georgia. 

Velvet beans are particularly valuable in the fact that they can be planted in 
corn in May and a double crop of corn and beans be made, without much inter- 
ference with each other. They do not deteriorate if left in the field for grazing 
throughout the Winter. 

They are exclusively a Southern crop, and give to the South an advantage 
in cattle and hog grazing throughout the winter months, without the expense of 
harvesting. 

Yields of twenty-five bushels per acre are common, particularly where careful 
cultivation has been given the crop and the beans have been planted early and 
in good soil. 



Page Twenty-four 



GEORGIA 



As velvet beans have a feeding value almost equal to corn, it will be seen that 
the product of an acre capable of producing twenty bushels of corn may be prac- 
tically doubled by planting beans in the corn. 

As a gatherer of nitrogen and provider of humus, and consequently as a soil 
builder, the velvet bean is right on top. 

Cases are on record where a crop of velvet beans plowed under when green 
has actually doubled the yield of the money-crop the following year. 

The rank growth of vines also provides an excellent Summer cover crop, 
preventing washing and promoting bacterial life in the soil. 

A ton of velvet beans is worth about half as much as a ton of good cottonseed 
meal. 




Ten of these Boys Averaged 115 Bushels per Acre. 

Roughly speaking, choice cottonseed meal contains about 40 per cent of diges- 
tible protein and 9 per cent fat. Velvet beans contain between 20 and 22 per cent 
of digestible protein and from 5 to 51/2 V^^ cent of digestible fat. 

Georgia had 402,000 acres in velvet beans in 1917, with an average production 
of eight bushels per acre, and received $2,728,000 for them. In 1918, the acreage 
had been increased to 588,000 acres, yielding 13 bushels to the acre, for which $7,- 
373,000 was received. 



Feed MiUs. 

While velvet beans are most economically harvested by allowing cattle and 
hogs to range through the fields, where they consume practically 100% of 
the entire crop, the demand on the part of dairymen and cattle feeders for a con- 
centrate has caused many mills to be established throughout the State, where the 
ear corn, stalks, blades and the velvet beans, vines, pods and stems, are all ground 
together, making practically a perfectly-balanced ration. 

The demand for this concentrate is much greater than it has so far been pos- 
sible to supply, and the raising of velvet beans for grinding into meal gives prom- 



GEORGIA 



Page Twenty-five 




"".•^r!^ 






Fifty Acres of Oats that Threshed 51 Bushels to the Acre. 

ise of becoming an industry of almost as great economic wealth as the cottonseed 
industry has already proven to Georgia. 

Wheat and Rye Growing. 

The acreage of Georgia wheat in 1917 was only 244,000 acres, from which 
2,074,000 bushels was harvested, having a value of $6,015,000. In 1918 there was 
an increase to 356,000 acres, which brought to the State $9,658,000. 

Georgia uses about 9,000,000 bushels of wheat annually, and until recently its 
production was only around 2,400,000 bushels, but under the stimulus of war, the 
production has shown a great advance. 

The Georgia State College of Agriculture, co-operating with the Office of 
Cereal Investigations of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department 
of Agriculture, has conducted experiments in various parts of the State, and 
has determined that wheat can be profitably grown in most sections of Georgia,, 
for home consumption, and in some sections on a commercial basis. 

Rye is grown in Georgia on almost all soils on which common field crops are 
usually planted, and in the Coastal Plains sections of the State good yields are 
secured where wheat cannot be profitably grown for grain. Rye may replace wheat 
or oats in the regular rotation ; however its greatest use is as a pasture and green 
manure crop. 

Tobacco. 

One of the newest and most lucrative developments in Georgia's agriculture 
has been the introduction of tobacco. The amount of tobacco raised in the State 
in 1909 was so small that no mention is made of it in the 1910 Census. 

In 1916, 1,534,000 pounds were produced, having a value of $414,000 or $318.- 
60 per acre. 




Colonial Home of One of Georgia's Islands Now a Winter Home of a Northern Family, 



Page Twenty-six 



GEORGIA 




Tobacco Sales Warehouse. 

In 1917, 1,600,000 pounds were produced, valued at $912,000, or $570.00 per 
acre. 

In 1918 there were 2,668,000 pounds produced, valued on December 1st, at 
$1,334,000 which is on the basis of $460.00 per acre. 

It must be remembered that on this particular acreage the tobacco was what 
is known as "Bright Leaf" tobacco that was grown in the sun and flue-cured. In 
other sections tobacco is grown under a partial shade, by building a shed of laths, 
so as to permit the sun to shine on the crop only one-half the time, and in 
this partial shade is produced a much finer grade of tobacco that is used for 
the fillers and wrappers of cigars in place of the Havana and Sumatra tobacco that 
is usually imported for this purpose. This wrapper and filler tobacco sells for much 
more than the sun-grown crop, which accounts for the high average of the State. 

Active tobacco markets have been established at various points, and Georgia 
has a high reputation for the quality and quantity production of bright leaf to- 
bacco. Soil and climate are just right for it. 

Sweet Potatoes. 

Georgia has for years been a large producer of sweet potatoes, and recently 
practicable storage houses have been erected that have made their marketing 
profitable. This is particularly true of the southern part of the State. From 9,- 
000,000 to 11,000,000 bushels are produced annually in Georgia. 

The sweet potato comes nearest of all horticultural crops to being a staple 
product, and in adaptability to Georgia soil and general conditions it ranks second 
to cotton. 

There were produced in 1909, 7,426,000 bushels, which had increased in 1917 to 
11,625,000 bushels, valued at $14,950,000 and in 1918, 11,960,000 bushels were pro- 
duced. 




Shetland Ponies, Jersey Cattle and Silos are Money-makers. 



GEORGIA 



Page Twentif-seven 




♦4 1*^ . ^1 




Oats that Threshed 40 Bushels to the Acre Harvested May 10th. 

Sweet potatoes mature in South Georgia the middle of June, and are har- 
vested from then until the middle of November. 

The yield ranges from 100 to 400 bushels, depending upon the season at 
which they are dug, and the amount of care and skill used in cultivating them. 

Curing Houses Big Aid to Farmer. 

Science has proven that in a properly-constructed sweet potato house, where 
the roots can undergo a sweating process they can be kept indefinitely, and there 
are many such warehouses constructed in Georgia with a capacity of many thous- 
ands of bushels. This obviates the necessity of glutting the market by flooding 
it with too many potatoes, and they are kept in storage until such time as the 
price is satisfactory to the grower. 

Irish Potatoes. 

A large acreage has been planted annually in recent years in Irish potatoes, 
and the production has grown from 900,000 bushels in 1916 to 1,610,000 bushels 
in 1918. This is the very early crop of potatoes that always commands exception- 
ally high prices from the housewife who has tired of eating cold storage potatoes 
all winter, and welcomes the new crop, and is willing to pay handsomely for them. 

In 1916 the per-acre value was $105 ; in 1917 $163, and in 1918, $129. 

Hay. 

A few years ago vast quantities of hay were annually shipped into the State. 
This condition is being rapidly remedied, and where in 1909 only 261,000 tons of 
hay were raised, in 1918 615,000 tons were cut worth $23.50 per ton. 




Corn and Velvet Beans on Same Land Pictured Above Seventy Days After Planting. 



Page Twenty-eight 



GEORGIA 




'm^Vt J^b 



A Cozy Mountain Cottage. 

Seeds and Nursery Stock. 

An industry of considerable magnitude in Georgia is the growing of vegetable 
and flower seed and nursery stock for both wholesale and retail trade. There are 
numerous plantings of practically everything named in the catalogues of the seeds- 
men or horticulturist, and recently an aggressive farmer has launched extensively 
into the raising of bulbs, and is profiting through the failure to import this year 
tulips, narcissi, gladioli and other bulbs from foreign countries. 

This raising of bulbs offers particular attraction especially to those who have 
had any previous experience. 

Sugar Cane. 

Sugar cane, or "long sweetening" as it is called locally, has long been one of the 
favored stand-bys of the Georgia farmer. It requires about the same attention as 
corn, and yields a tremendous tonnage per acre, which when made into syrup pro- 
duces 300 to 700 gallons. 

The lowest price at which it has sold for many years has been about 40 cents 
per gallon, and it is now selling on the farm for $1.00 and more. 

Sorghum. 

Sorghum grows well on almost any land, and is adapted to all parts of the 
State. Soil that is suited for cotton, corn and vegetables will grow good sorghum. 

Sorghum is used here for making syrup, as a pasture crop, as silage, as a soil- 
ing crop, or may be cut and used for hay. 




Peavine Hay Yields an Average Income of $23.50 per Acre. 



GEORGIA 



Page Txcentif-nine 




Shorthorn Cows on Georgia Range Pasture. 

Fruit Growing. 

Fruit growing is one of the most attractive phases of farm life in Georgia ; it 
is a form of intensive culture, and pays more per acre than the crops of the general 
farm. Nature does half the work and asks no share of the profits. The conditions 
of climate and soil in Georgia are such as to make not only a great industry, but 
an abiding one. The climate insures not only the life, but the vigor of the tree and 
the quahty of the fruit. 

Georgia produces a wide variety of fruits; there are really forty-six different 
fruits that can be commercially produced here. They range from the semi-tropic 
character of those in the extreme South, to those of the temperate zones in the 
northern part of the State. 

Apples. 

The Georgia apple crop is increasing each year in volume, and by reason of the 
splendid attention that is being given the trees and improved packing methods, are 
bringing the highest prices. 

In 1917 the crop was 1,754,000 bushels, and the December price $1.20 per 
bushel. 

In 1918 the crop was 1,760,000 bushels at a value of $1.65 per bushel. 

The Georgia State Horticultural Society has divided the State into four horti- 
cultural divisions, namely : The Mountain Section, the Middle Section, the Southern 
Section and the Coastal Plain Section. Generally speaking, the apple is not adapt- 
ed to the middle, southern or coastal plain sections of the State, though there are some 
varieties that thrive exceedingly well in the Middle Region, and some commercial 
orchards are located there. In many respects the section of North Georgia where 
the commercial crops are grown resemble very closely the noted regions of Oregon 




NNheat Is Big Money Maker in (.eorgia. 



Page Thirty 



GEORGIA 




Brood Mares. They Do Farm Work and Raise Mule Colts. 

and Washington where fruits of widely known excellence and beauty are grown. 
The soil of the Northern region is rich in the necessary plant foods, the analysis 
showing a high percentage of potash. The general topography of the country is 
mountainous, the lands available for apple culture having an elevation of from 1,000 
to 2,500 feet. The long growing season, bright sunny days and fairly cool nights of 
this region primarily adapt it to the culture of this most important fruit. 

This industry has attained its greatest production and perfection in Haber- 
sham and Rabun counties. Georgia has a great advantage in the apple industry, 
inasmuch as apples can be grown here and delivered to the Eastern markets for 
the cost of delivery from the West. 

Peaches. 

Internationally famous, the Georgia peach is the queen of fruits, and the pro- 
duction of peaches in this State has grown to such proportions that it now rep- 
resents one-third of the commercial crop of the United States. The peach industry 
has made remarkable progress in its development during the past decade. 

There are 18,000,000 trees in the State, of which a large area has not yet come 
into bearing, yielding a revenue of $10,119,000.00 in 1918. 

The growers have organized themselves into what is known as the Georgia Fruit 
Exchange, which handles in a most efficient manner the bulk of the crop grown. 
The industry is highly organized, and growers have usually realized a good price 
for their crop. 

While the peach thrives in all sections of the State, and there are several dis- 
tinct producing sections in the mountainous district, it is in the South-Central part 
where the Georgia peach has reached its highest development. 




Oats and Vetch That Cut Two Tons to the Acre. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirty-one 




-»«, -.-->>* -^ 



►iifcij^*^^. '.1. ■l', "^■' *-»^- 







' --** 



Sows and Pigs on Peanut Pasture. 



The Elberta, which is the favorite variety in Georgia, was originated by one 
of the State's growers, and has proven to be the best peach to ship. The Carmen, 
Early Wonder, Georgia Belle, Hale, Mayflower and Greensboro are raised in con- 
siderable quantities, the Mayflower and Greensboro coming on the market during 
the early part of June and commanding choice prices because of their earliness. 

In 1917 the State produced 4,716,000 bushels of peaches, and in 1918, the crop 
totaled 6,746,000 bushels. Prices ranged from $1.50 to $2.50 per bushel. 

Miscellaneous Fruits. 

Cherries are planted to a large extent, especially in the northern part of the 
State. 

Plums are grown in all sections. 

Strawberries are grown in many districts for the local market, and in some 
sections the berries are shipped in carlots to the early Northern markets, bringing 
in returns of from $100 to $300 per acre. 

Blackberries, raspberries and dewberries are also raised in quantities and are 
eagerly taken by the local markets. 

Pecans. 

Paper shell pecans find in South and Middle Georgia an extremely congenial 
home and reward the growers who have the patience to wait the number of years 
necessary for them to come into bearing with a wonderful yield of very large, thin- 



^ ->:*» AMltikH^ 




Winter Cabbage Which Will Be Followed by Corn. 



Page Thirty-two 



GEORGIA 




White Faces Make Big Gains on Georgia Range and Velvet Bean Pasture. 

shelled nuts, that, because of their size and superior quality, readily sell at prices 
upward of 60 cents a pound. These paper shell pecans will run anywhere from 30 
to 60 nuts to the pound, and inasmuch as a tree 25 years old will shade one-eighth 
of an acre, it can be readily seen that it has a bearing surface that will enable it 
to produce hundreds of pounds of nuts. 

The paper shell varieties are all budded from recognized producing trees, and 
production and sale of nursery stock has become an industry of considerable mag- 
nitude. 

While it takes the trees seven or eight years to come into commercial bearing, 
they are planted so few to the acre that they do not in any degree interfere with 
farming operations, which can be carried on until the trees come into bearing 
without either interfering with the other. 

Satsuma Oranges. 

Not content with the multitude of horticultural products native to this State, the 
progressive Georgia fruit grower is now planting a variety of orange that in a very 
short time promises to develop into an industry of its own. Georgia is not gen- 
erally looked upon as being able to produce the citrus fruits, but in the Satsuma it 
has found a variety that finds a congenial home climate and soil in South Georgia. 

This is a delicious member of the citrus family, entirely seedless with thin 
skin, that can be taken off in the hand without releasing any of the juice. It ma- 
tures much earlier than any of the other known varieties of orange and gives prom- 
ise of becoming of vast economic importance. 




Ten-Year-Old Paper Shell Pecan Orchard. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirty-three 




Georgia Produced 11,960,000 Bushels Sweet Potatoes in 1918. 

Figs. 

One of the fruits that is very dear to the Georgia housewife's heart is the fig, 
and these trees with their wonderful loads of healthful fruit can be found in prac- 
tically every yard in the State. The varieties principally planted are Magnolia, 
Celeste, and Brown Turkey, and they are canned and preserved for home use and 
to some extent have been shipped commercially. 

In certain parts of South Georgia there have been recently successful experi- 
ments conducted with the Smyrna fig and it promises to grow here as well as it 
does on the Mediterranean shore. 

Apiculture. 

Fruit culture and Apiculture go hand in hand, and even in sections of Georgia 
where there are no commercial orchards the keeping of bees not only supplies a tre- 
mendous store of honey for the family, but is also remunerative. 

It is not necessary to house the hives in order to insulate them from the cold 
as it is in the North, and the bees have a longer working season. 

There are several points in Georgia from which honey is shipped in car loads, 
and several bee keepers number their hives by the thousands. Quite a business is 
also done in the shipping of queen bees. 

The Georgia Watermelon. 

Georgia has attained distinction in many ways, but nothing has added more to 
her fame than the watermelon. The quality is absolutely unexcelled both as re- 




Mules that Helped to i'ut Georgia in Fourth Place in \ alue of Agricultural Products. 



Page Thirty-four 



GEORGIA 




Georgia Produced 12,000,000 Bushels Oats in 1918. 

gards flavor and size. The annual shipments of watermelons from Georgia amounts 
to more than 12,000 car loads. They are grown in all sections, but principally in 
South Georgia. 

Trucking. 

Everybody now knows what "out-of-season" products mean — vegetables and 
fruits ready for the market at the very time when the market is lean. That is the 
highest priced period. Strawberries, cantaloupes and peaches from Georgia are 
''out-of-season" products and bring the very highest prices, for they are matured 
and ready for the markets of the North when the North has just begun to plow 
for the staple crops. 

The Gulf Stream, that great modifier of temperature, permits, in the garden 
calendar of South Georgia, practically all the hardier vegetables to grow through the 
whole year, but of course there are months when it is best to set out certain plants. 

Don't Forget the Hen. 

A handful of chickens in a back yard will never make an Qg^ farm. The man 
who comes to Georgia intending to go into the poultry business as a bread and but- 
ter maker, had better hit the thousand-layer mark right from the start. Nowhere 
in the country will he find better conditions than right here in Georgia. The mild 
climate, an abundance of green food easily obtained and the steady demand for 
both eggs and chickens means success to anyone who will come here and go into 
the poultry business right. 

A good hen lays in a year from four to six times her weight in eggs. It takes 
a strong living machine to stand the strain of such an output. Every hen, young 
or old, lays in the Spring. An old hen may draw her rations three times a day 




"^h^ 

^ 



One of the Velvet Bean Feed Mills — a Rapidly Growing New Industry. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirty-five 




One of Georgia's Packing Houses tliat Kills MilJions of DoJlars Worth of Hogs Annually. 

through the Winter and not lay an Q^g, but when the leaves begin to come out, the 
green starts, the air becomes warm and soft and the sunshine genial, that old hen 
lays every day. 

Spring conditions force hens to lay. Furnish Spring conditions for nine to 
twelve months in the year, and if you keep the right kind of hens, taking proper 
care of them, they will lay in Georgia the year round. 

Ducks and geese are good money-makers down here, and thrive splendidly 
along the water courses, especially geese, as they live principally by grazing. 

Progress in Education. 

There is a combined effort of all the people throughout the State of Georgia 
to make their schools second to none. A Hberal policy has been adopted by the 
boards of education, for our people realize that it is through our young boys and 
girls that our future development must come. They believe that the public school 
must develop the power to think; give an appreciation of the true, the noble and 
the beautiful; secure mastery of vigorous expression, and above all develop a 
clear discrimination between right and wrong. The people of Georgia are striving 
to increase human wealth through the education of the child-head, heart and hand 
— using the most progressive and best tried means known to the world. The meas- 
ure of Georgia schools is to be found in the high-class men and women they are 
sending into the world's activities. 

The Georgia State College of Agriculture, at Athens, takes a high rank 
among similar institutions throughout the country. This institution trains agricul- 
tural students in the science pertaining to correct farm practice, that they may 
receive a thorough and liberal education. The Georgia State College of Agricul- 
ture maintains an extension service which concerns itself with the giving of in- 




Seven Thousand Fat Hogs Awaiting Slaughter at One of Georgia's Modern Packing Houses. 



Page Thirty-six 



GEORGIA 





Georgia Produced 3,631,000 Bushels Wheat in 1918— Value per Acre, $27.13. 

struction and practical demonstration in agriculture and home economics to per- 
sons not attending college. This service is free to farmers at all times, working 
generally through the country demonstration agents. The University and its 
branches compose a chain of colleges extending to every part of the State. 
They include the Georgia School of Technology at Atlanta, The Medical Col- 
lege at Augusta, three normal schools for teachers, one each for North, South and 
Middle Georgia, at Athens, Valdosta and Milledgeville respectively, in addition to 
the main institute at Athens. 

Besides these activities of the State there are notable educational institutions 
under private and denominational auspices. Atlanta has Emory University and 
Oglethorpe University. Agnes Scott College at Decatur and Cox College at 
College Park, are well known colleges for young women. Mercer University for 
young men and Wesleyan for young women are at Macon; Shorter College at Rome 
and Brenau College at Gainesville, for young women, and many others in different 
parts of the State, attract pupils not only from Georgia but from all over the 
United States. Every town, city and almost every village in the State now has a 
three-year high school, and during the past ten years more than six million dol- 
lars has been spent on school buildings. 

Good Roads. 

Georgia is rapidly changing bad roads into good roads, and the economic ef- 
fect is being felt all over the State in increased land values and better conditions 
generally. In many counties of the State road building of a substantial character 
is going on constantly, although much of the road building in Georgia was held up 
on account of the war, as it was in other States. A new program of road construc- 
tion is being drafted, and the business men and farmers of the State are deter- 
mined that it will be aggressively pushed to a successful conclusion. 




.TeE_r.*'r-.-_ A 



''^rs-' 



Shetland Ponies Popular as Corn and Pig Club Prizes. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirty-seven 







'U^^s 






^3 




Imported Jerseys on Bermuda Pasture. 

Water Abundant and Perpetual. 

An abundant water supply is one of the greatest advantages the stock raiser 
can have. Artesian water is almost everywhere accessible from 50 to 200 feet in 
the Coastal Plain areas of the State, and many of the artesian wells are flowing 
wells. 

Wealthy Agriculturists. 

In certain sections of South Georgia a development has taken place during the 
past few years that is really unique in the annals of progressive agriculture 
throughout the Union, because of the manifold attractions offered for living the 
year round. 

A large number of very wealthy Northern and Eastern men have been attract- 
ed to this section. They purchased large tracts of land, and were termed 
upon their arrival "Agriculturists", which is defined by the farmer as "a man who 
makes his money in the city and spends it on his farm". Because of the wonder- 
ful possibilities in this section, however, this definition has proven incorrect. 

Notwithstanding the willingness of these wealthy men to lavish money upon 
their holdings with little or no desire for return other than the pleasure they se- 
cured from living upon their place during a part of the year, when they began to 
farm along the progressive lines, they found that their operations not only 
supplied their places with all the products necessary to care for their stocks and 
employees, but at the same time returned them profits upon their investment suf- 
ficient to defray all the cost of the development and leave a margin. 

Many of these places are improved to a superlative degree. Ante bellum plan- 
tation homes that were built seventy-five years ago have been remodeled, pergolas 




Corn, Velvet Beans and Peanuts Growing Together and Each Making a Maximum Yield. 



Page Thirty-eight 



GEORGIA 




One Hundred Acres of Cotton that Made More than a Bale to the Acre. 

and other improvements added, and are today among the most magnificent archi- 
tectural types of farm houses that can be found anywhere. 

Many of these places under the direction of eminent landscape gardeners are 
veritable botanical gardens, and because of the munificent climate and long growing 
season, the gardeners were able to produce results here that it would be impos- 
sible for them to achieve in other sections, on account of the manner in which they 
could combine both the usual products of the temperate and sub-tropical zone. 

To the lover of the beautiful in nature, nothing could be more pleasing than 
the native flowering shrubs and trees which are being used to beautify these es- 
tates. 

Georgia's Islands. 

The mention of Georgia without reference to the islands along her Atlantic 
coast would be incomplete. Through some peculiar geological fault nature has 
reared these bits of land from the sea and given them such elevation that they 
do not overflow. Many of them are located at points opposite to where rivers 
discharge their waters into the ocean, and these rivers for centuries have been 
bringing down the very richest soil of Georgia and depositing it upon the shores 
of these islands, making them as rich and fertile as the valley of the Nile. 

It was upon one of these islands that the first sea island cotton was grown in 
America, and a century ago before our civilization had become so dependent upon 
rapid transportation facilities, these islands were the homes of the culture and beau- 
ty of the land, and many extensive plantations were operated at great profit. 

The pendulum is swinging backward and there is now a tendency to once again 
develop the fertile lands on these islands into farms and live stock ranches. 




Peavine Hay in Stack. 



GEORGIA 



Page Thirty-nine 




Oak Trees on St. Simons Island Under Which John Wesley Preached to the Indians. 

Aid for the Farmer. 

Keeping step with the trend of modern agricultural progress, the State of Geor- 
gia is served by a number of agencies having the interest of the farmer at heart. 

Practically all of the counties have demonstration agents and home econo- 
mics agents working under the State College of Agriculture, and in many coun- 
ties there are two of these agents employed. A corps of specialists in beef cat- 
tle, dairying, poultry and other phases of farming are constantly traveling 
throughout the State advising the farmers as to the best and most economical 
methods. 

The various railroads serving the State also maintain efficient staffs of agri- 
cultural agents, who have been selected with special reference to their ability to 
impart the knowledge developed at the Experiment Stations to farmers and to 
give special attention to the newcomers, and see to it that they are made famihar 
with all of the crops and methods that have proven profitable in their new location. 

The State Department of Agriculture also is active in all matters pertaining 
to the increased prosperity of the farmers, and its recently established marketing 
bureau is serving most efficiently a genuine and long felt need in finding a pro- 
fitable market for all kinds of farm produce and live stock. 

Come and See Georgia. 

The wonderful opportunities that Georgia offers can be best appreciated by a 
personal inspection of the conditions as they exist: that is all the Agricultural Sec- 
tion of the tJnited States Railroad Administration asks. "Come and see Georgia" 
and you will be convinced. 




Jekyl Island Club, the I'amous Winter Home of America's I'inancial and Industrial Leadfets. 



Come to Georgia 

By DR. ANDREW M. SOULE, President 
Georgia State College of Agriculture 

Come to Georgia, the land of sunshine and opportunity. Three million 
acres of land still virgin to the plow await you, Mr. Soldier and investor. 
It is cheap beyond belief, though priceless because of its boundless possi- 
bilities. Georgia is the great new West of this generation. Unfortunately, 
it is still largely unknown to that restless, surging young manhood of 
America that is still seeking something to subdue, to overcome, to be 
built up and developed through his creative imagination. 

Georgia still has approximately 16,000,000 acres of undeveloped land 
on which the sun shines nearly every day in the year. Much of it is 
gently rolling, the balance practically level. Nature waters it abundantly 
with from 50 to 80 inches of rainfall annually. All sorts of soil types 
abound, but for the most part those predominate on which cotton, certain 
of the grasses, many of the best known forage plants, all of the legumes, 
seed and oil bearing crops, and semi-tropical crops worth while cultivating, 
return the husbandman from 100% to 1000% on his labor and investment. 

Georgia has a mild and equable climate, and is highly progressive in 
all matters pertaining to schools and churches. She has 2,000,000 people 
within her borders, and her 60,000 square miles of territory still afford 
privilege and opportunity to all true Americans. From an acre of her 
soil $500.00 to $1,000.00 of wealth has often been garnered in a year. 
Frequently one crop pays for the land, and in some instances the improve- 
ments as well. 

Georgia already produces food and animal products worth $800,000,- 
000.00 annually. The growth and development of livestock enterprises in 
the last decade has been little short of phenomenal. Georgia stands fourth 
among the States in agricultural production and sixth in swine production, 
having increased the numbers of this class of animals by 1,000,000 head in 
a period of five years. Georgia has highly organized packing plants and 
splendid transportation service, thereby insuring the prompt marketing 
and delivery at profitable prices of the output of her farms and orchards. 

Here is a state in which all the necessities of the human race may 
be economically produced in so far as food and clothing are concerned. 
All the known and useful crops, plants, and animals helpful to mankind 
find here a natural habitat. What more could man desire than good soil, 
bright sunshine, an equable climate, friendship, opportunity and privilege? 
The motto of the State is "Wisdom, Justice and Moderation". Let us be 
friends together, you to bring and give us the additional good citizens 
we need; we to give you a full cup of welcome heaped up and running 
over with the good things our State so abundantly affords. 



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GEORGIA AND ITS DEPARTMENT OF 
AGRICULTURE 

Georgia, the Empire State of the South, ranks first 
among the States East of the Mississippi River, both in 
area and in value of crops produced, and fourth in pro- 
duction among all the States. 

Georgia has an abundant rain-fall, evenly distributed 
throughout the year, which insures ample moisture for 
all crops. 

Georgia is a State of small farms; the 1910 census 
shows a large increase in farms from 20 to 49 acres, the 
average being about 100 acres. Today, perhaps, the 
average is from 50 to 75 acres. Our developed farms 
and fertile virgin acres are within the reach of the man of 
small means, and land can be bought in all sections of our 
State. 

Georgia has a well organized and efficient Department 
of Agriculture and its work is sub-divided to cover every 
phase of agricultural activity, as follows: 

1. Dissemination, through bulletins, the result of re- 
search work conducted at the Georgia Experiment Sta- 
tions. 

2. The State Board of Entomology is active in work 
to combat ravages of insect pests upon all vegetation, 
including vegetables, fruit and nut trees, and has two 
Research Experiment Stations for the purpose of seed 
breeding and to perfect methods for the extermination 
of the cotton boll weevil and other insects. Skilled 
specialists from these Experiment Stations are ready at 
all times to visit any part of the State to render expert 
service and advice. 

3. Enforcement by Inspectors of the Pure Food and 
Drug Laws. 

4. Strict police regulations are maintained to pro- 
tect Georgia citizens against the sale of inferior fertil- 
izers, illuminating gasses, and oils that are below the 
legal standard. All analyses of food, fertilizers, oils, 
etc., are made in our own well-equipped laboratories. 

5. State Veterinarian directs the prevention and 
eradication of diseases among domestic animals and di- 
rectly polices the dairies and meat markets. 

6. Maintains a Bureau of Markets, which renders 
valuable aid to farmers in marketing crops — it considers 
the marketing of commercial crops, live stock, etc., equally 
as important as its production. 

7. Maintains a co-operative service with the U. S. 
Bureau of Crop Estimates, directly in charge of the Fed- 
eral Field Agent, and Georgia's Agricultural Statisti- 
cian. 

Georgia's Commissioner of Agriculture, besides being 
the head of the Department, embracing all of the above 
branches, is, also. Commissioner of Immigration. It is 
the policy of the Department to urge its own homeless 
and landless citizens, both rural and urban, to buy and 
develop farms while there is still an abundance of cheap 
lands. 

One of the first mottoes inscribed in Georgia's records 
was, "Non sibi sed aliis", not for ourselves but others , 
and today Georgia, being a land of unlimited opportuni~ 
ties, throws to the breeze the same sentiment on her 
banner of welcome to the prospective citizen. 
Respectively submitted, 

By J. .1. BROWN, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 



Ld 



)KKiriAL MAH OP <;E«R<;1A. ISSUKI) BV IIBI'ARTMENT ok A(;KK ILTfRE. m» J. J. Brown, torn mission, 




Climate is like Gold. It is only where you find it". 



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Hfere 5 (Beorgla 



Singin' the song of Hope and Home, 

Here's Georgia! 
Fields light-white with the fleecy foam, 

Here's Georgia! 
Where the corn hangs heavy and climbs so high 
It tells the gold in the mines "Good-bye", 
And hides the hills from the mornin' sky. 

Here's Georgia! 



Call o' the golden-hearted hills 

Of Georgia! 
The gold-deep mines and the whirrin' mills 

Of Georgia! 
Clear as the mornin's trumpet call, 
The notes o' the message rise and fall ; 
"Hearts to hold you and homes for all 

In Georgia!" 



Her tables creak with plenty spread 

By Georgia! 
With Peace herself for to bless the bread 

For Georgia! 
The welcome word is the word we know ; 
God's own land where the good things grow ; 
The Horn o' Plenty's the horn we blow 

In Georgia! 

—Stanton. 



€E®I^€II!A 




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LARGEST PEACHORCH ARDIN THE WORLD 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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003 006 257 7 



